A CT urogram is a test that uses a CT scan and a special dye or contrast medium. It allows doctors to diagnose problems such as kidney and bladder stones, certain cancers, and structural ...

Cystoscopy is the reference standard for bladder cancer detection, and is also used to monitor patients with a history of the disease. The procedure is, however, invasive, and some patients find the ...

Background A 59-year-old man was admitted to hospital for investigation of a 1-year history of intermittent hematuria. He had undergone ileal ureteral replacement for left renal stones 36 years ...

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