Key learning points Electrical charges What are free electrons? Cell polarity Conventional current direction Electrons orbit the nucleus. An atom has a neutral charge, because it contains the same ...

Harvard John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Electrons flow through most materials more like a gas than a fluid, meaning they don’t interact much with one another. It was long ...

A team of researchers has developed a theory to explain how hydrodynamic electron flow could occur in 3D materials and observed it for the first time using a new imaging technique. Electrons flow ...

Scientists have proposed a solution to the subatomic stoppage of electron flow due to defects in materials: a novel way to create a more robust electron wave by binding together the electron's ...

In a strange metal (translucent box), electrons (blue marbles) lose their individuality and melt into a featureless, liquid-like stream. We all learned that electricity is caused by electrons moving ...

Electricity can flow through some materials but not others. If electricity flows through a material, the material is said to “conduct” electricity. In this activity, you can use batteries, an aluminum ...

Scientists have discovered a new quasiparticle that they've dubbed the "dropleton." Quasiparticles are a useful way to think about how real particles move through a solid. Essentially quasiparticles ...

A material that is transparent at room temperature and can turn from insulator to conductor with a little bit of heat seems to be the stuff of science fiction, but it’s very real and it’s called ...