Many varieties of ON/OFF control circuits use some form of flip-flop that responds to a pushbutton switch or other control input. These all have volatile memory and default to an OFF condition if ...

Modern electronics is indispensable for every large model railroad system, and it provides a solution to almost every problem. Although ready-made products are exorbitantly expensive, clever ...

Applications for using a single pushbutton to advance a circuit to its next logical state are legion. Typically, there are just “on” and “off” states, but there can be more. The heart of the circuit ...

A flip-flop is one of the most basic digital electronic circuits. It can most easily be built from just two transistors, although they can and have been built out of vacuum tubes, NAND and NOR gates, ...