A fundamental property of any electronic or electrical circuit is that the voltages present within it are referenced to a common point, conventionally called the ground. This term is derived from ...

There is one class of signals we have not yet covered, and that is those signals which pass within the unit from one board to another. Typically these are digital control signals or analog levels ...

Ground loops are a common yet often overlooked issue in building electrical systems. While they may seem minor during design or construction, ground loops can significantly impact system performance ...