How to play multiplayer in Minecraft, using either a public server or one you create yourself

You can play Minecraft solo, but it's much more fun with friends. Here's how to play multiplayer in Minecraft: Java Edition.
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Minecraft Java and Bedrock - what you need to know

Minecraft Java and Bedrock edition launched on PC in 2022, bringing the two main versions of the game to a mutual launcher. But even with the two games living happily as one, it can be a bit confusing ...