Figure 1: HIV-1 Nef interacts with the serine/threonine kinase ASK1. Figure 2: HIV-1 Nef inhibits the intrinsic catalytic activity of ASK1 by preventing thioredoxin release and impairs ASK1- and ...

The HIV protein Nef is a viral 'Swiss army knife' with many functions. New work now shows how Nef increases infectivity — by inhibiting two of the host cell's antiviral proteins, SERINC3 and SERINC5.