The optimisation of process planning has emerged as a pivotal aspect of modern manufacturing, where genetic algorithms (GAs) and hybrid techniques are leveraged to address the combinatorial complexity ...

Electric Vehicle (EV) equipped with two-speed transmission has benefit in improving dynamic performance and saving battery consumption. However, during gear shift process, torque interruption and ...

Optimization seeks to find the best. It could be to design a process that minimizes capital or maximizes material conversion, to choose operating conditions that maximize throughput or minimize waste, ...