Scattering in media has unique inherent randomness. Fiber Rayleigh scattering is one of the typical scattering effects. The exploration and understanding of the characteristics of fiber Rayleigh ...

In both the natural world and human society, there commonly exist complex systems such as climate systems, ecological systems, and network systems. Due to the involvement of numerous interacting ...

Sodium laser guide star (LGS) adaptive optics (AO) systems have become highly productive tools for all-sky astronomical observations with large telescopes. However, the performance of these systems is ...

Most of us have heard the weather proverb “red skies at night, sailors delight; red skies at morning, sailors take warning.” I certainly enjoy watching a beautiful red sunset, but for those of us in ...

X-ray backscatter AIT uses a narrow beam of X-ray photons with energies, hv, less than 100 keV. 2 There are five basic interactions that can occur as X rays penetrate material. These are the ...

Jet engine maker Pratt & Whitney says that its long-standing research collaboration with Virginia Tech has resulted in a new technology for calculating engine thrust, using ultraviolet lasers and ...