Thin films can be made from a variety of materials, including metals (e.g., gold, silver), oxides (e.g., silicon dioxide, titanium dioxide), and semiconductors (e.g., silicon, gallium arsenide). These ...

In this article, we explore how X-ray diffraction, also known as XRD, can be used to analyze thin films and the benefits of using this technique. Many materials are now processed in the form of thin ...

Thin films are two-dimensional (2D) material layers deposited on a bulk substrate, possessing a thickness of a few nanometers to impart properties that cannot be realized by base materials. The unique ...