Electrons inherently carry both spin and orbital angular momentum (i.e., properties that help to understand the rotating motions and behavior of particles). While some physicists and engineers have ...

Graphene, which is comprised of a single layer of carbon atoms arranged in a hexagonal lattice, is a widely used material ...

What is a Spin Valve? A spin valve is a device that exploits the spin-dependent electron transport properties of ferromagnetic materials to control the flow of electrons. It consists of two ...

A giant anomalous Hall effect (AHE) has been observed in a nonmagnetic material for the first time, as reported by researchers from Japan. This surprising result was achieved using high-quality Cd 3 ...