The table shows the pin configuration of the Arduino UNO–based robotic arm. The red (VCC) wires of all servos are connected ...

Abstract: This article presents a novel linear active disturbance rejection control (LADRC) scheme based on internal model control (IMC) rules and extended state observer (ESO) for high-performance ...

Abstract: Permanent magnet (PM) motors should have ultralow torque ripple when used in robot joints with high positioning accuracy. For this reason, to decrease the torque ripple of the conventional ...