An RGB LED module is a versatile lighting component that can produce millions of colours by mixing red, green, and blue light ...

Abstract: Permanent Magnet Brushless DC (BLDC) motors have major application in industries like E-mobility (Electrical vehicles, Electric bicycle), Industrial robots, CNC machine tools in the last ...

Abstract: In traditional direct torque control of permanent magnet synchronous motors, the flux reference is typically set to a constant value. However, the optimal flux reference varies depending on ...