Abstract: Accurate system identification requires excitation signals that deliver sufficient broadband energy while maintaining controlled peak levels at the input. In this context, minimizing the ...

Abstract: Traditional electromagnetic (EM) design optimization often relies on high-fidelity simulations and external optimization algorithms, resulting in excessive runtime and substantial memory ...

Daniel Liberto is a journalist with over 10 years of experience working with publications such as the Financial Times, The Independent, and Investors Chronicle. Andy Smith is a Certified Financial ...

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Gordon Scott has been an active investor and ...

Libby Sweeney is a former credit cards editor for Forbes Advisor. Her previous experience writing and editing content for readers to better understand includes both the world of sports and data ...