There are few hard and fast rules in the study of life, but perhaps the closest we get is the central dogma of molecular biology: DNA is transcribed to RNA, which gets translated into proteins. The ...

In Sarah Yuska’s sixth-grade science class at Monocacy Middle School in Frederick, Maryland, students are just finishing up learning about body systems—respiratory, circulatory, skeletal, and so on.

Most organisms on Earth have the same basic genetic code, but it comes with some flaws. Scientists sought to work out those errors by creating their own artificial genome, which replaced E. coli’s ...

Scientists in the UK have rewritten one of life’s oldest operating systems. They have built a bacterium that functions with a stripped-down genetic code, eliminating seven of the 64 instructions used ...

The code of life is simple. Four genetic letters arranged in triplets—called codons—encode amino acids. These are the building blocks of proteins, the machinery that powers life. But the genetic code ...

An illustration of E. coli. Scientists have been racing to shrink the genetic code of this bacterium. Kateryna Kon / Science Photo Library via Getty Images The DNA of nearly all life on Earth is made ...

The Reverse Translate tool is a professional bioinformatics application designed to back-translate protein sequences into optimized nucleotide sequences. While the natural biological flow (Central ...

In a giant feat of genetic engineering, scientists have created bacteria that make proteins in a radically different way than all natural species do. By Carl Zimmer At the heart of all life is a code.

Liquid culture flasks of bacteria grown in yellow broth covered with tinfoil on a shaker. Bacterial strains needed to be tested every step of the way to create the highly compressed genome. Credit: ...

Our DNA to Amino Acid Converter helps you translate genetic sequences into protein structures quickly and easily. You can use it with standard or specialised genetic codes, and it accepts DNA or RNA ...

Peking University, June 27, 2025: To overcome the inherent challenge of translation termination interference caused by stop codon reprogramming in mammalian cells, researchers from Peking University ...

The first rain event after a dry season represents a period of high activity in soils, during which a large portion of annual carbon turnover occurs. Despite the importance of this phenomenon, we lack ...